Black Box testing, also referred to as behavioral or external testing, is a software testing methodology that does not necessitate prior knowledge of the internal code, implementation details, or inner workings of an application. Instead, it focuses on scrutinizing the application’s inputs and outputs, relying exclusively on the software’s specifications and requirements for testing purposes. This approach is valuable for evaluating the application’s functionality without delving into its internal code structure.

Gray box testing is a hybrid approach that combines elements of both black box and white box testing. It is a software testing method used to evaluate an application with a partial understanding of its underlying code. This approach is centered on identifying context-specific errors that may arise from the application’s suboptimal code structure. It provides a balanced approach, leveraging the in-depth knowledge characteristic of white box testing while maintaining the external perspective of black box testing.

White Box testing involves a thorough examination of the internal structure, code, and architecture of a software application. It aims to verify the flow of input and output while enhancing the design, security, and overall functionality. This type of testing is also referred to by various names, including internal testing, clear box testing, open box testing, and glass box testing. Testers have visibility into the application’s underlying code and internal workings, enabling a comprehensive examination of its internal logic and structure.